Timelines
Key Events in the Myanmar Spring Revolution
The Day of Military Coup
On the morning of February 1, 2021, the military, known as the Tatmadaw, seized control of Myanmar, arresting Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, President U Win Myint, and other NLD leaders, hours before they were scheduled to take their seats in the newly elected parliament.
First Day of CDM Movement
In response to the coup, the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) was launched by government employees, including civil servants, doctors, teachers etc. Workers from various sectors went on strike to demand the restoration of democracy and the release of arrested leaders.
NLD's Elected Representatives Pledge to Oppose Military Rule
The representatives elected in the November 2020 elections in Myanmar, which saw the National League for Democracy (NLD) won a landslide victory, did not recognize the legitimacy of the February 1, 2021 military coup. The coup effectively invalidated the election results and overturned the democratic mandate given by the people. However, many of the NLD's elected lawmakers continued to assert their legitimacy and vowed to oppose the military junta.
Formation of CRPH
On February 5, 2021, 17 lawmakers from both houses of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (Pyithu Hluttaw, the Lower House, and Amyotha Hluttaw, the Upper House) came together to form the CRPH.
Beginning of Nationwide Protests
On February 6, 2021, large-scale anti-coup protests erupted in cities across Myanmar, including Yangon, Naypyidaw, and Mandalay.Protesters chanted slogans such as "We want democracy" and "Release our leaders." The military responded with threats of violence, warning that they would take action against protesters, but this only spurred more people to join the movement.
Death of Mya Thwet Thwet Khine
Mya Thwe Thwe Khaing (also sometimes romanized as Mya Thwate Thwate Khaing) was a young Burmese woman who became the first known casualty of the 2021 Myanmar peaceful protests, following the military coup on February 1, 2021. Her tragic death symbolized the brutal repression faced by pro-democracy protesters in Myanmar and became a rallying point for both national and international condemnation of the military junta's violent crackdown on civilian demonstrators.
U Kyaw Moe Tun Represents CRPH at UN
On February 26, 2021, at the United Nations General Assembly held in New York City, Myanmar representative U Kyaw Moe Tun unexpectedly attended representing the CRPH and spoke against the current power holder of Myanmar at the United Nations. It has become an unheard of event since ancient times. In his presentation, he also said to oppose the Burmese army and demanded to provide the security of the people of Burma in all possible ways.
Death of Kyal Sin
Kyal Sin also known as Angel or by her Chinese name, Deng Jiaxi was a 19-year-old girl from Mandalay who was shot and killed by the military on 3 March 2021 during the 2021 Burmese protests. Kyal Sin emerged as an early martyr and symbol of resistance against the military junta's use of violence to suppress the protest movement.
Formation of NUCC
28 political institutions, including the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH), Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs), federal-unit and nationalities-based consultative councils formed the National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC) on 8 March 2021.
GoFundMe Campaign for CRPH
The Global Fund for the Committee Representing the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) on GoFundMe is a fundraising campaign aimed at supporting the democratic movement in Myanmar, specifically the CRPH, which represents the elected government (members of parliament) following the military coup in February 2021. Due to the overwhelming support from the people, it has happened that GoFundMe cannot continue to accept the donations.
Over 100 Protesters Killed by Military on Armed Forces Day
This date marked one of the deadliest days in Myanmar's Spring Revolution. On Armed Forces Day, the military staged a grand celebration, but at the same time, it opened fire on unarmed protesters. In Mandalay, Yangon, and other cities, the military killed over 100 people in a single day. It was one of the deadliest days of the coup and shocked the world.
Release of Federal Democratic Charter
NUCC published a two-part Federal Democratic Charter on 31 March 2021 as a precursor to replace the military-drafted 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, which was abolished by CRPH that same day.
Formation of NUG
On 16 April 2021, it formed the National Unity Government (NUG) (National Unity Government (NUG) was formed) .The Interim National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is the only and legitimate Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar formed by the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw – CRPH with the authority bestowed by the People's mandate of the all parties' (multi-party) democractic election held in Nov 2020, in discussion with National Unity Consultative Council. The Interim National Unity Government will implement the goal, objective and steps of the political road map as prescribed in Part I of the Federal Democracy Charter in discussion with National Unity Consultative Council. Interim National Unity Government shall be accountable to Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH).
Youth Begin Military Training with Ethnic Armed Groups
Young people from different regions of Myanmar joined forces with ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) like the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), and others, who had long been in conflict with the military over issues of autonomy and ethnic rights. Many of these groups welcomed young recruits who were eager to fight the junta and defend their communities. Youth militias often operated alongside these ethnic armies, receiving training, resources, and moral support from the established ethnic resistance groups.
Formation of PDF Forces
The National Unity Government (NUG) formed the People's Defence Force (PDF) as a part of the broader resistance against the junta. Many youth who had been part of the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and non-violent protests in urban areas were trained by ethnic armed groups and joined the PDF. By this time, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) and other ethnic groups like the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) had welcomed these new recruits and allowed them to join their ranks, providing military training and other resources to help them build a more organized resistance force.
D-Day Declaration
On September 7, Acting NUG President Duwa Lashi La announced everyone's long-waited "D-Day", the National Unity Government's declaration of "defensive war" against the military junta.The "defensive war" label is very important because the military junta waged war against unarmed innocent Myanmar civilians in February [when the military overthrew the civilian government]. Because no serious and effective action has since been taken against the cruel military by any international mechanism, we must save ourselves.
NUG Appoints Diplomatic Representatives
As the NUG expanded its international outreach, it appointed more envoys and diplomatic representatives to various countries. These diplomatic efforts included: Europe: Seeking recognition from key European countries like Germany and France, which had been vocal in supporting Myanmar's democratic forces and opposing the military junta. Asia: While ASEAN remained largely neutral and unwilling to recognize the NUG, the NUG continued to push for sanctions against the military and encouraged regional powers to stand with Myanmar's democracy.
NUG Establishes 7 Key Representative Offices
Since the coup, the NUG has established 7 key representative offices, each serving a strategic function in advancing the NUG's international diplomacy and amplifying its efforts on the global stage. These are the countries where main representative offices (7) have been established United States (Washington, D.C.),United Kingdom (London),Canada (Ottawa),Thailand (Bangkok),Australia (Canberra),France (Paris) and Japan (Tokyo).
Military Airstrikes Kill 3000-4000 Civilians
The military's use of bombings and airstrikes has led to significant loss of life and destruction, particularly in ethnic minority areas and regions where resistance groups are active. Although the exact number of casualties from bombings alone is difficult to pinpoint, it is clear that civilian death tolls have been high, with estimates of over 3,000 to 4,000 civilian deaths linked to military violence, including airstrikes and bombings, as of mid-2023. The situation remains dire, with ongoing civilian suffering, widespread displacement, and continued fighting throughout the country.
Military Conducts 1100-1500 Bombing Raids
The total number of bombing incidents carried out by the military from 2021 to 2024 is estimated to be between 1,100 and 1,500, with the frequency of bombings increasing over time, particularly in areas where resistance is strongest.
ASEAN Five-Point Consensus
At a summit in Jakarta on April 24, 2021, the nine ASEAN leaders and Myanmar junta chief, Sr. Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, agreed to five points: an immediate end to violence in the country; dialogue among all parties; the appointment of a special envoy; humanitarian assistance by ASEAN; and the special envoy's visit to Myanmar to meet with all parties. In the year since, Min Aung Hlaing has defied each point while overseeing a brutal nationwide crackdown aimed at suppressing the millions of people opposed to military rule.
Launch of Spring Lottery
The Spring Lottery was an innovative and crucial fundraising tool that helped sustain Myanmar's resistance movement following the 2021 military coup. It allowed for much-needed financial support to flow into the anti-coup efforts while also providing a platform for people to come together in solidarity, both within Myanmar and in the global diaspora. Though it faced challenges from the military junta, the Spring Lottery was emblematic of the resourcefulness and determination of the people of Myanmar in their fight for democracy and justice.
NUG Bonds Sale
The NUG Bond represents an innovative effort by Myanmar's pro-democracy National Unity Government to fund its operations and resist the military junta. While the bonds offer a mean for international and diaspora supporters to contribute to the revolution, they also come with significant risks, primarily due to the uncertainty of Myanmar's political and economic future. Nevertheless, the bonds serve as an important tool for sustaining the resistance and keeping the international spotlight on Myanmar's struggle for democracy.
First People's Assembly
With the objectives of eliminating all forms of dictatorship including military dictatorship and of building a federal democracy union which fully guarantees democracy, national equality and self-determination, the First People's Assembly was convened successfully by the National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC) from 27 to 29 January 2022, and marked a historic milestone.
Death of Ko Jimmy
Kyaw Min Yu (also known as Ko Jimmy; 13 February 1969 – 23 July 2022) was a Burmese writer, political prisoner, and a member of the 88 Generation Students Group. He was executed in July 2022 after being sentenced to death for activism against the junta that seized power in a coup in 2021.
Death of Phyo Zeya Thaw
Phyo Zeya Thaw ( 26 March 1981 – 23 July 2022) was a Burmese politician and hip hop recording artist who was detained and executed due to the perceived anti-government messages in his lyrics. Amnesty International designated him as a prisoner of conscience.He served as a member of Pyithu Hluttaw, the Lower House of the Burmese parliament. Phyo Zeya Thaw, alongside opposition leader and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, was elected to the lower house on 1 April 2012.
UN Security Council Resolution 2669
UN Security Council Resolution 2669
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2669 was adopted on 21 December 2022. In the resolution, the Security Council expressed its deep concern at the state of emergency imposed in Myanmar on 1 February 2021, demanded an immediate end to all forms of violence in the country and called for the immediate release of all arbitrarily detained prisoners, including Win Myint and Aung San Suu Kyi.
Establishment of Spring Development Bank
The Spring Development Bank is a critical initiative by Myanmar's National Unity Government, created as part of the broader resistance effort against the military junta that took power in February 2021. It represents an innovative effort to finance the revolution, provide resources for the opposition, and build a financial system that can operate independently of the military's control. Though it faces significant challenges, particularly in terms of security and international recognition, the bank serves as an important symbol of the NUG's commitment to a democratic future for Myanmar, leveraging digital finance to support both resistance and long-term recovery efforts.
First Phase of Operation 1027
The first wave of the 1027 operation in 2023 was part of the broader military strategy by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar's military) to regain control over ethnic minority regions and suppress the growing resistance to military rule in Myanmar. However, the operation also involved a significant offensive by the Three Brotherhood Alliance—a military coalition composed of three prominent ethnic armed organizations in Myanmar: the Arakan Army (AA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). This alliance, which formed in response to the Tatmadaw's escalating violence and repression, has fought alongside other rebel forces across the country. Together, they have waged an ongoing resistance campaign against the Tatmadaw, Myanmar's ruling military junta, aiming to challenge its authority and secure greater autonomy for ethnic minorities.
Spring Bank's New Step ICO Seed Round
"Spring Bank's New Step ICO Seed Round" specifically, this would likely be an early-stage investment opportunity tied to a blockchain or cryptocurrency project related to financial services. Such projects typically aim to disrupt or innovate within the financial sector, offering decentralized solutions, reduced costs, or greater accessibility for users.
Second Phase of Operation 1027
The second wave of the 1027 operation of the three northern alliances resumed on June 25.More than 30 military camps have been captured in three days of repeated offensives by the TNLA and allied forces, which are attacking military council camps in northern Shan State and Mandalay Region.
ICO Round 2
ICO Round 2 .Spring Bank's ICO can be called a strategic project to raise funds to generate long-term benefits for the financial revolution through equity investment opportunities from the public.